2021

BRUSSELS - The United States secured a diplomatic victory in Europewhen European Union officials agreed to postpone their proposal for a digital levy that threatened to derail a global effort to crack down on tax havens. The delay removes another potential obstacle to the broader tax agreement,which gained momentum over theweekend after finance ministers from the Group of 20 countries formally backed a new framework. That deal,which officials hope to make final by October,would usher in a global minimum tax of at least 15 percent and allow countries to tax large, profitable companies based onwhere their goods and services are sold. If enacted, the changeswould entail the biggest overhaul of the international tax system in a century.

The article discusses strategies the Biden administration may be considering to get Pillar 1 through Congress in away thatwould not require a 2/3 Senate vote, aswould be required for a tax treaty.

The OECD aims to complete a multilateral convention and model legislation by the end of 2021 or early 2022 so countries can start implementing new rules under a two-pillar global tax reform deal in 2023. During a July 16 OECD podcast, Pascal Saint-Amans, director of the OECD's Centre for Tax Policy and Administration, discussed translating the political agreement that more than 130 countries struck in recentweeks into concrete implementation. "The next step is finalizing the political deal in October. There is not much to do, just a few numbers to firm up," Saint-Amans said. "The following stepwill be the implementation to move from a political agreement to legislation."

A key part of a G-20-backed tax reform planwill be a test ofwhether a formulary approach can be used morewidelywhen it comes to multinational profit allocation, a top OECD official said. Grace Perez-Navarro, the OECD's deputy tax chief, highlighted elements of a two-pillar global tax overhaul plan that more than 130 countries had agreed on and G-20 finance ministers recently approved. "This major achievement has been a long time coming," she said July 13 during awebcast organized by the Urban-Brookings Tax Policy Center.

Developing countries must mobilize political power to ensure fair representation in the OECD inclusive framework on base erosion and profit shifting, according to Loganwort, executive director of the African Tax Administration Forum. During a July 9 Tax Justice Network virtual conference, panelists representing the interests of developing countries said they felt that those countrieswere sidelined during OECD negotiations on a two-pillar solution to modernize global corporate tax rules because of a lack of political representation. At a June 30 meeting, 130 of the 139 countries in the OECD inclusive framework on BEPS released a statement agreeing to a two-pillar plan thatwould revise profit allocation rules and tentatively set a global minimum corporate tax rate of 15 percent.

The U.S. governmentwill decidewhat's necessary to push new profit allocation rules through the Senate as part of a G-20-backed global tax reform deal once an implementation plan is finalized, perhaps in early 2022. U.S. Treasury Secretary Janet Yellen confirmed July 11 that Treasury is pushing to include measures to implement pillar 2,which calls for global minimum taxation, of the two-pillar plan in a forthcoming budget resolution and reconciliation package. Shewas speaking during a press conference the day after G-20 finance ministers and central bank governors concluded their July 9-10 meeting in Venice, Italy, under the Italian presidency,where ministers endorsed the plan.

Amazon has notified advertisers that itwill soon apply new fees to their invoices if their ads are served in six countrieswith digital services taxes, including the United Kingdom and France. The company confirmed the change in a July 16 email to Amazon Advertising clients, saying that new "regulatory advertising fees"would start applying September 1. According to a company help page, the new feeswill be included on invoices "when an ad is served in and/orwhen ads are purchased by advertisers in certain countries."

Prominent members of the European Parliament have asked the European Commission not to postpone its digital tax proposal. The commission said on July 12 that it had put on hold itswork on a digital levy proposal in order not to impede the OECD-led negotiations on global tax reforms. The movewaswelcomed by the OECD but criticized by the EP,which had obtained in November 2020 a commitment from the commission to propose a digital levy by June 2021. The commitment, crystallized in an interinstitutional agreement, aimed to secure the reimbursement of the EU's ÔøΩ750 billion coronavirus recovery plan.

The European Commission's decision to postpone its digital levy proposal is a positive development andwill allow countries to finalize the details of a two-pillar global tax reform agreement, according to a top OECD official. "In the end, everyonewill have to play his or her part in the sense that no countrywill do something thatwill be inconsistentwith this global dealwhen it's done," OECD Deputy Secretary-General Masamichi Kono said July 14 during awebcast organized by the Atlantic Council Geoeconomics Center.

U.S. economy chief Janet Yellen had successfully stalled EU plans for a digital levy and told national governments how to run their economies. Yet EU officials had nothing but effusive praise for their American visitor. "We could say that in terms of our relationshipswith the U.S.we have gone from awinter of discontent to a summer of cooperation," Economy Commissioner Paolo Gentiloni told journalists. The European Commission confirmed itwould bow to U.S. demands to put its plans on hold until the fall.

In this paper it is controversially suggested that international tax law is broader than the traditional view of most academics. In addition to domestic laws that cover cross-border transactions and double taxation agreements (or their multilateral counterparts) there is a special consensus international tax law (CITL) based on the institutions, instruments and interpretation implemented by international consensus. This paper exploreswhat is meant by international tax law. Theweight of opinion does not support the view that CIL presently creates any binding tax obligations on States. This paper proposes that there is, however, an emerging system based on common understandings,with the legal duties of cooperation and underpinning expectations of implementationwhich should be recognized as creating obligations upon States even though it does not constitute CIL.

Finance chiefs from the Group of 20 leading economies endorsed an overhaul of the rules for taxing international companies, a landmark achievement of global cooperation after years of tensions. G-20 members have rarely been able to agree to such ambitious changes over the past decade of disputes over trade, investment and jobs, although they didwork together to offset the economic impact of the Covid-19 pandemic. The tax agreement, negotiated earlier this month by 130 countries, has raised hopes that major economies can find common approaches to tackling other global problems, such as climate change and trade.

Finance officials in the Group of 20 (G-20) endorsed "key components" of a framework for an international tax overhaul that is a top priority of the Biden administration. The G-20 finance ministers and central bank governors announced their backing of major elements of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development's (OECD) tax framework following a meeting in Venice, Italy. The framework calls for a global minimum tax for corporations of at least 15 percent.

The European Union said that itwould postpone its push for a controversial digital levy to focus on a negotiation over a broader minimum global tax deal struck by theworld's largest economies. The U.S. has lobbied against the levy on digital sales thatwas likely to hit Silicon Valley giants' business in Europe. The EU had pledged to introduce a levy if therewas no progress on a sweeping effort to tax corporations more uniformly. Such a pact now seems more likely after the Group of 20 endorsed the principles of a global-tax agreement.

U.S. Treasury Secretary Janet Yellenwill press European Union officials in Brussels to reconsider their plan to propose a digital levy after securing the Group of Twenty's endorsement for the principles of a global corporate-tax agreement. Yellen is in Brussels following the gathering of G-20 finance ministers and central bankers in Venice,which concludedwith the group's call to finishwork on the global plan's details by October.

Bigger countries are using negotiations on global corporation tax reform to increase their own tax revenue at the expense of smaller nations, Ireland's deputy prime minister said. "This isn't just about tax justice and big companies paying their fair share," Leo Varadkar told reporters in Dublin. "This is also about big countries trying to get a bigger share of the pie."

On July 1, 2021, the OECD-led Inclusive Framework on BEPS announced that 130 countries had agreed on revised outlines of a two-pillar plan calling in part for a reallocation of taxing rights regarding certain large multinational businesses. The author discusses the proposed reallocation in light of the U.S. Trade Representative's recent reports on digital services taxes.

An influential EU panel has suggested using a mechanism designed to combat harmful tax practices to push EU member states into accepting a global minimum tax rate. Over 130 countries have agreed on a global minimum tax rate of "at least 15%" but four EU countriesÔøΩCyprus, Estonia, Hungary, and IrelandÔøΩhave not signed up to the agreement,whichwas negotiated through the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development.

When the U.S. secured international backing for a global minimum corporate tax, it marked an early victory for Treasury Secretary Janet Yellen as the country's top financial diplomat and paved theway for a key plank of President Biden's domestic agenda. People involved in the negotiations credit Ms. Yellenwith reviving yearslong talks to clamp down on tax avoidance by multinational firms. The breakthrough potentially set the stage for the most sweeping change in international taxation in a century.

The European Union's digital chiefwill meet U.S. Treasury Secretary Janet Yellen as the EU delayed plans for a digital levy after a potential global tax breakthrough. Margrethe Vestager, the EU's executive vice-president for digital issues, is now due to propose a new EU tax on technology companies' revenues on July 20, aweek later than planned, according to a document seen by Bloomberg News.

In a meetingwith Mary Ng, Canada's trade minister, U.S. Trade Representative Katherine Tai urged Canada to abandon its proposed unilateral digital-service tax.

The European Union's plan to propose a new digital-services tax is unlikely to undermine global talks aimed at eliminating such levies, according to the head of the international group spearheading the discussions. "I know for a fact that the European Union is very conscious of the importance of this deal on international tax reform," Mathias Cormann, secretary-general of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, said in a Bloomberg Television interview.

William Horobin and Maria Tadeo

French Finance Minister Bruno Le Maire said he is confident the Group of 20 economieswill back a deal on international tax, even as his country pushes for a higher minimum corporate rate. The G-20 meeting in Venice is poised to give its backing to a deal signed by 131 countries for a minimum corporate levy of "at least 15%," and new rules for dividing up the tax revenues from theworld's largest companies -- particularly U.S. tech giants.

"I hope and look forward to Ireland joining this consensus sowe can have a fairer system," Spanish Economy Minister Nadia Calvino says in interview during G20 in Venice, Italy.

Top officials from the U.S., Germany and France each expressed confidence that a proposed global tax deal can overcome political obstacles inwashington andwithin the European Union in time for it to be finalized in October. "There's morework to be done, but I'm really hopeful thatwith the growing consensuswe're on a path to a tax regime thatwill be fair for all of our citizens," U.S. Treasury Secretary Janet Yellen told reporters on the sidelines of a Group of 20 meeting of finance ministers and central bankers in Venice.

Global leaders on Saturday agreed to move aheadwithwhatwould be the most significant overhaul of the international tax system in decades,with finance ministers from theworld's 20 largest economies backing a proposal thatwould crack down on tax havens and impose new levies on large, profitable multinational companies.

Ireland stands to lose up to a quarter of its corporate tax haul, and at the G20 meeting itwill push for terms thatwould allow it and other small countries to make up for the loss.

Theworld's largest economieswill thisweekend pile pressure on to holdout nationswhich are refusing to sign up to a global tax reform deal thatwould impose a minimum levy on multinational corporations.

Brussels is set to delay plans for its controversial digital levy until the autumn in an effort to boost the prospects of a global corporate tax reform deal.

G20 finance ministers have collectively endorsed carbon pricing for the first time, describing the once contentious idea as one of "awide set of tools" to tackle climate change.

The top House Republican taxwriter remains unconvinced that a global tax reform deal reachedwithin the OECD frameworkwill roll back digital services taxes, especially because the EU plans on introducing a digital levy anyway.

Congresswon't support an OECD tax reform deal unless it protects the U.S. economy, including through the instant repeal of digital services taxes, top Republican taxwriterswarned Treasury ahead of a key G-20 meeting.

The five major pre-Brexit EU countrieswith digital services taxes have seen their trade competitiveness in digital services plummet over the years,which could explainwhy they decided to adopt those taxes, economists said.

Mindy Herzfeld looks at options for adjusting the much-maligned global intangible low-taxed income regime to further President Biden's plan to use corporate tax policy to improve fairness and equity in U.S. society.

The European Commission has launched a public consultation on a proposal for a directive thatwould mitigate tax-induced debt-equity bias by offering a tax allowance for companies that pursue equity financing.

French Finance Minister Bruno Le Maire said July 6 that the EU's digital levy proposal is not "directed against the United States,"which fears that an EU tax could threaten progress at the OECD level.

Treasury is in talkswith Congress's top Democratic taxwriters about including global minimum tax provisions in a partisan reconciliation package thatwould align the United States' domestic prioritieswith its OECD inclusive framework goals.

The finance ministers of theworld's twenty largest economies have reached political agreement on a two-pillar global tax reform plan, calling on a small group of holdout countries to join in on the deal.

Shakespeare said a rose by any other namewould smell as sweet, but multinational companies aren't likely to draw the same conclusion about a claim that the EU's proposed digital levy is not a tax.

Theworld's largest economies agreed Thursday to sweeping changes to the global tax system. They still have a lot ofwork to do on how to make that agreementwork in practice, and itwon't be operational until at least 2023.

An effort to push the most sweeping changes to the global tax system in a century gained significant momentum on Thursdaywhen 130 nations agreed to a blueprint inwhich multinational corporationswould pay an appropriate share of taxwherever they operate.

UK due to secure exemption for City of London banks from regulations brokered at OECD.

Historic agreement by 130 countrieswill introduce minimum rate and new jurisdictional powers.

Theworld's leading economies have signed up to a plan to force multinational companies to pay a global minimum corporate tax rate of at least 15 per cent following intense negotiations in Paris at the OECD.

The agreement reached by 130 countries has left fertile ground for new and clever techniques to circumvent the rules.

Benjamin M.willis argues that the Biden administration need not engage in the race to the bottom to ensure America's corporations remain the most competitive in theworld.

In news analysis, Lee A. Sheppard examines the treaty issues raised by the SHIELD and GLOBE minimum tax proposals from the Biden administration and the OECD.

France stands to raise ÔøΩ900 million annually under pillar 1 of a two-pillar global tax reform plan that countries are discussing through the OECD framework, taking into account Amazon's profitable cloud segment, new research shows.

In awin for the U.S., governments from 130 countries have agreed to rewrite the rules for how countries tax corporate income. That is a big step forward for a complex project that has been years in the making andwould take years to implement. Here are some questions and answers about the deal.